Forgotten History 
"Little known facts and overlooked history" 
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Strikes after the Civil War 
By Denis Mueller 

After the war, black labor was no longer free, but discrimination still existed throughout the North and South. Against this backdrop, black groups struck against a poll tax and for higher wages. In 1869, they gathered in Baltimore and 
formed their own union. They had two things in mind in doing this, workers would try for inclusion into white labor unions but at the same time, the newly freed slaves were also determined to form their own unions. 

The American labor movement was faced at the end of the Civil War with this dilemma. The newly freed workers were going to compete for scarce jobs but to overlook them meant that they would become strikebreakers. Labor had either 
open it's doors or let companies use the surplus labor against them. At first, it seemed possible but often their prejudice got the best of them.

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There were several examples in the South where black and white workers joined together. In 1865, when workers struck together they were successful but when they didn’t, as was the case in New Orleans in a strike among bricklayers, the strikes were defeated. The struggle for the eight-hour-day led to the first national trade unions. Several of it's leaders understood the problem and called for the inclusion of black workers, but most of the time they were ignored. 

In the aftermath of the Civil War white workers, who were aided by the police and the city government, drove blacks from the shipyards of the South. To counter this Isaac Myers, who was called the first important black leader, proposed that blacks buy their own shipyards. This was done successfully, but it was not a solution to the problem of lack of capital. 

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In 1867, they were successful in a strike at Mobile, Alabama and in Charleston, black workers formed a Brickmakers Union. Furthermore, in Savannah, Georgia, black dockworkers fought against a poll tax. So, as you can see, unions were a part of black culture for a long time. 

But, all in all, the workers faced discrimination from trade unions. This was a principal reason for some of labor’s defeats. Blacks were brought in as strikebreakers again and again. This would continue until the 1930’s when the CIO understood that for them to ever be successful, their unions must remain open to all workers. This, in turn, eliminated much of the company’s tactics of racial division. Until labor was ready to face it's own past, they could not be 
successful. The lesson was that people, all people, must stick together. 

Sources: Phillip Foner 

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Questions...Comments..Email us at: mailto:denis@gophercentral.com 

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END OF FORGOTTEN HISTORY 
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